TEST

DEFINITION
Is the amount of acid present with higher values than in new lubricants. It is an indication of the oxidation and contamination of oil.

USED METHOD
ASTM D664

LIMITATIONS
Does not determine the type of acid, only the quantity. Also does not distinguish between strong or weak acids.

UNITS
mg KOH/g

DEFINITION:
Is the measure of the alkaline reserve of the lubricant or capacity to neutralize acids. The acids are present as a result of combustion sub-products and oxidation. Excessive acids will increase wear of the engines components.

USED METHOD
ASTM DA4739

LIMITATIONS
Only used of motor oils. The contamination with coolants can artificially increase the number of basicity.

UNITS
mg KOH/g

DEFINITION
The analysis by ICP detects up to 24 metals of less than 5 microns (54) of size which can be present in used oil by wear, contamination or additives. Wearing metals are: iron, chrome, nickel, aluminum, copper, lead, tin and potassium. The multi sources metals are: modidebno, antimony, manganese and lithium. Among metal from additives are: magnesium, boron, calcium, barium, phosphorous and Zinc. The elemental analysis is fundamental to determine the type and the severity of wear inside the unit.

USED METHOD
ASTM D5185

LIMITATIONS
The essay does not detect particles longer than 10 microns

UNITS
ppm

DEFINITION
This analytical ferrography can predict possible failures of the equipment or to be an effective tool is determine the origin of the failure. It is a qualitative evaluation and provides digital images of real particles present. Powerful magnets trap the ferrous particles. The non-ferrous particles and other residual practical are deposited for microscopic analysis. Such particles are analyzed base on if they are metallic or non-metallic, alloys, shape, size, color and possible source.

USED METHOD
Venefilter method (Tribolab)

LIMITATIONS
Te results are subjective based on knowledge and experience of the data analyzer and depend on the provided information details of the sample.

UNITS
imágen

DEFINITION
Is the amount of crude non-burned fuel which ends in the carter. Reduce the viscosity of oil to the inflammation points (creating friction), immediate related wear by the reduction of the resistance film.

USED METHOD
Chromatography of gases

UNITS
% por volumen

MÉTODO UTILIZADO
ASTM E2412

UNITS
% por volumen

DEFINITION
Is the test to verify contamination in oil with a glycol as the anti-freezing or water/glycol.

USED METHOD
ASTM D2982

LIMITATIONS
Some oil formulations show false positive results. The high temperature of functioning of engines decomposes the contamination of glycol and as a consequence false negative results.

UNITS
pos/neg

DEFINITION
It is mainly a problem of natural gas engines. It is caused by high combustion temperatures added to the relationship air-fuel near stoichiometric. Nitration degenerates oil, oils, form acids and deposits which sticks to the engines as lac and varnish acting as thermal isolation. This makes engines to lose thermal balance causing detonations and melting in the engine. Nitration can also be caused by blow-by of exhaust gases to the carter, low temperatures of oil, bad ventilation of the carter and bad carburation.

Also indicates the presence of nitric acid which accelerates oxidation with increasing of oxidation/nitration, the total index of acidity and viscosity is shown while the number of basicity decreases.

USED METHOD

ASTM E2412

LIMITATIONS
Significant contamination by water, glycol, soot or fuel can affect the FTIR results.

UNITS
abs/0.1 mm

DEFINITION
The oxidation is the degradation of the lubricant due to age and functioning conditions. This prevents the adequate performance of additives, promotes the formation of acids and increases viscosity.

USED METHOD
ASTM E2412

LIMITATIONS
Significant contamination by water, glycol, soot or fuel can affect FTIR results. Lubricant with ester base will show high oxidation values.

UNITS
abs/cm

DEFINITION
Is the measuring of accumulated particles inside the system including metallic and not metallic, fibers, dirt, water, gel of bacterian colonies, fungus, micro-organism and any other type of residues. It is useful to determine the level of cleanliness of fluids with viscosity lower than ISO VG 680 in hydraulic systems, turbines, compressors, transmission, recirculation systems and driving gears.

USED METHOD
ISO 11500

LIMITATIONS
This is not an adequate test for dark or opaque liquids. Recounts will be negatively affected in samples with contaminated water. The counting of particles is a quantitative test not qualitative. It does not identify type of particles present, only its size. Liquids with viscosity greater than ISO220 are diluted for correct functioning.

UNITS
conteo/mL

DEFINICIÓN
Es la medida de todas las partículas que se han acumulado dentro de un sistema, incluyendo aquellas metálicas y no metálicas, fibras, suciedad, agua, Geles de colonias bacterianas, hongos, microrganismos, y cualquier otro tipo de residuos.

Es muy útil en la determinación del nivel de limpieza de fluidos con viscosidad inferior a ISO VG 680 en sistemas hidráulicos, turbinas, compresores, transmisiones, sistemas de recirculación y engranajes.

MÉTODO UTILIZADO
ISO 11500

LIMITACIONES
No es una prueba adecuada para líquidos opacos u oscuros. Recuentos se verán afectados negativamente en muestras contaminadas con agua. El conteo de partículas es una prueba cuantitativa no cualitativa.

No va a identificar el tipo de partículas presente, sólo su tamaño. Los líquidos con viscosidad mayor a ISO 220, se diluyen para funcionar correctamente.

UNITS
conteo/mL

DEFINITION
Exposition of the lubricant to a magnetic field and the presence of any ferrous material will cause a distortion of the field which is represented as the quantification of particles. Although this essay does not provide a relation of large or small particles and if the quantification of index of particles is less than ppm (parts for million) of iron by ICP, it is unlikely to have particles larger than 10 microns present. If the quantification index of particles increases drastically while ppm of iron remain constant or decreases, ferrous larger particles are in generation the analytical ferrography must be used to qualify the type of wear.

USED METHOD
Manufacturer method

LIMITATION
Detects only ferrous particles (iron). Does not detect non-ferrous metals or dirt particles

UNITS
unidades MFR

MÉTODO UTILIZADO
ASTM D664.

UNITS
ph

DEFINITION
Measures the resistance of flowing of the liquid (thickness) at certain temperature and it is considered the most important physical property of the oil. Depending of the degree of lubrication, the viscosity is essayed at 40°C and/or 100°C.

USED METHOD
ASTM D445

LIMITATIONS

The accuracy decreases in lubricants over the level ISO 1000

UNITS
centistokes

DEFINITION
Represents the change of viscosity of the oil in respect of temperature variations. The viscosity index will be experimental determined by viscosity test at 40°C and 100°C.

USED METHOD
ASTM D2270

LIMITATIONS
Requires viscosity at 40°C and 100°C

UNITS
adimensional

DEFINITION
It is measured by placing a few drops of oil on a hot plate at 150°C. if water is positive, bubbles and cracking will be formed. This test is an estimation of volume % and Tribolab only reports estimations up to 0,5%. The test is very subjective beyond 0,5%.

USED METHOD
Venefilter method (Tribolab)

LIMITATIONS

Accurate readings are difficult in emulsionated liquids. This test is subjective and requires a minimum of 0,1% or 1000ppm to indicate a positive result. It is considered only as a tool for detection of humidity.

UNIDAD DE MEDIDA
%

DEFINITION
Measuring the amount of water in the oil by potentiometric valoration. Issues results in ppm or %.

USED METHOD
ASTM D6304

LIMITATIONS
Different chemical compound will cause high water results. These compounds include anti-ware additives such as ZDDP and potassium borate.

UNITS
ppm

DEFINITION
It is the minimum temperature for the vapors of a liquid fuel to ignite momentarily in the air. The inflammation point of Diesel is low, indicates contamination of volatile fuels like gasoline. The inflammation point of oil is tested by the open cup Cleveland method and the fuels and solvents by the closed cup Pensky-martens method. Consult guidelines of norms ASTM for minimum requirements of inflammation point.

USED METHOD

Cleveland open cup – ASTM D92

Pensky-Martens-Closed cup

LIMITATIONS
This essay depends on the temperature range of the used ASTM norm.

UNITS
°c

DEFINICIÓN
Es la temperatura mínima a la que los vapores de un líquido combustible se encienden momentáneamente en el aire. Un punto de inflamación del combustible diesel bajo, indica contaminación por combustibles más volátiles como la gasolina.

El punto de inflamación de los aceites suelen ser probado por Cleveland Copa Abierta. Los combustibles y disolventes se realizan normalmente por Pensky-Martens Copa Cerrada. Consulte las directrices de las Normas ASTM para los requisitos mínimos del punto de inflamación.

MÉTODO UTILIZADO
ASTM D93

LIMITACIONES
Este ensayo depende del rango de temperatura de la norma ASTM utilizada.

UNITS
°c

DEFINITION
Density is an indicator of quality of fuels when affected by storing, handling and combustion

USED METHOD
ASTM D1298

UNITS
g/mL

DEFINITION
It is the percentage of coke material left after a sample of lubricant oil has been exposed to high temperatures according to norm ASTM D189 (Conradson). The results are expressed in weigh percentage of the initial sample. As the effects of residuals in the performance, the type of carbon is more important than quantity. As compound oils contain metallic additives and generally they leave residues, other tests must be realized to determine the type of residual and not only the quantity.

USED METHOD
ASTM D189

UNITS
%

DEFINITION
The insoluble pentane (coagulated/not coagulated) indentifies the contaminate of used oil the oil is diluted first with pentane and makes lose its solvency for certain oxidation resins (light yellow color or dark brown for solid or semi-solid carbon, hydrogen and oxygen compounds). This dilution also provokes the precipitation of foreign materials such as dirt, soot and wearing metals or insoluble pentane.

USED METHOD
ASTM D893

UNITS
%

DEFINITION
It is the minimum temperature of the sample in which vapor produces enough mass to maintain combustion for at least 5 seconds. It is tested by the open cup Cleveland method.

USED METHOD
Cleveland open cup – ASTM D92

UNITS
°c

MÉTODO UTILIZADO
ASTM D1500

UNITS
adimensional

USED METHOD
Método del Fabricante

UNITS
adimensional

DEFINITION
The sample is filtered through a patch of 0.8, 1.2, 5 or 10 microns. The membrane is examined under microscope to quantify and qualify the type of wear and contamination present. The results are interpreted with a report and digital images and conclusions.

USED METHOD
Venefilter method (Tribolab)

LIMITATIONS
The results are objective based on vision, knowledge and experience of the data analyzer.

UNITS
imágen